5.6 Time, Weather, and the Seasons — Epoché
What you will be able to do Use the one noun that means both the weather and the right moment, and say why an ancient dictionary translates it as neither. Say what the weather is doing with the verb Greek uses for it: Κάνει κρύο σήμερα. , Δεν κάνει κρύο. , Θα κάνει κρύο. . Name the seven days and the twelve months, all of which you can already half read. Place an event in time: Αύριο θα πας σχολείο; , Πού ήσουν χθες; , Έχω χρόνο αύριο το πρωί. . Name the four seasons and say which one you like: Σου αρέσει το καλοκαίρι; . Prerequisites : 5.5 — the house and everyday things. Read 5.5 Vocabulary first; this is the lesson where the vocabulary stops being things you can point at. The syllabus of this course marked one word to be careful with before it was ever written, and here it is. The Greek noun in the word list below means the weather and it also means the right time for something, and in some phrases simply time . A dictionary of ancient Greek, asked for the same spelling, gives due measure, proportion, fitness , which is the ancestor of both modern senses and the translation of neither. That word is the reason lesson 2.6 exists and the reason this course writes its glosses rather than looking them up. It is also genuinely useful: a Greek asking about the weather and a Greek saying that it is about time are using the same noun, and once you hold both senses the word stops being a trap. Word list Forty words: the weather, the clock, the calendar and the seasons. Word (with article) Meaning Notes καιρός el kerós weather; time, the right moment Part of speech / class noun, masculine How it differs from English one noun for both; an ancient dictionary gives due measure or fitness, which is neither κάνω el káno to do, to make; to be (of weather) Part of speech / class verb, first pattern How it differs from English used with no subject for the weather, and with a noun rather than an adjective after it Κάνει κρύο. It's cold. Κάνει κρύο σήμερα. It's cold today. Θα κάνει κρύο. It will be cold. κρύο el krýo cold (the noun) Part of speech / class noun, neuter How it differs from English the cryo- of cryogenics; the weather verb takes this noun, not an adjective Κάνει κρύο. It's cold. Δεν κάνει κρύο. It's not cold. Είναι λίγο κρύο. It is a little cold. η ζέστη el i zésti heat, hot weather Part of speech / class noun, feminine How it differs from English the noun that pairs with the one for cold after the weather verb ζεστός el zestós hot, warm Part of speech / class adjective, three endings How it differs from English the adjective, used of things rather than of the weather βρέχω el vrécho to rain; to wet Part of speech / class verb, first pattern How it differs from English used with no subject for rain, exactly as English it is raining has none ο ήλιος el o ílios sun Part of speech / class noun, masculine How it differs from English the helio- of heliocentric ο ουρανός el o ouranós sky, heaven Part of speech / class noun, masculine How it differs from English the Uranus of the planet, which is the same word ο άνεμος el o ánemos wind Part of speech / class noun, masculine How it differs from English the anemo- of anemometer το καλοκαίρι el to kalokéri summer Part of speech / class noun, neuter How it differs from English built from the words for good and weather Μ' αρέσει το καλοκαίρι. I love summer. Σου αρέσει το καλοκαίρι; Do you like summer? Τι άλλο θα κάνεις αυτό το καλοκαίρι; What else will you be doing this summer? ο χειμώνας el o chimónas winter Part of speech / class noun, masculine How it differs from English the cheim- of the Greek words behind several botanical Latin terms η άνοιξη el i ánixi spring Part of speech / class noun, feminine How it differs from English the same word as the noun for an opening, from the verb to open το φθινόπωρο el to fthinóporo autumn Part of speech / class noun, neuter How it differs from English built from the words for waning and fruit η εποχή el i epochí season; era Part of speech / class noun, feminine How it differs from English the epoch of English, and the ordinary word for a season of the year η Κυριακή el i Kyriakí Sunday Part of speech / class noun, feminine How it differs from English the Lord's day; the Greek week begins here η Δευτέρα el i Devtéra Monday Part of speech / class noun, feminine How it differs from English literally the second day Είναι Δευτέρα. It's Monday. Δεν είναι Δευτέρα. It's not Monday. η Τρίτη el i Tríti Tuesday Part of speech / class noun, feminine How it differs from English literally the third day η Τετάρτη el i Tetárti Wednesday Part of speech / class noun, feminine How it differs from English literally the fourth day η Πέμπτη el i Pémbti Thursday Part of speech / class noun, feminine How it differs from English literally the fifth day η Παρασκευή el i Paraskeví Friday Part of speech / class noun, feminine How it differs from English literally preparation; also a very common woman's name το Σάββατο el to Sávvato Saturday Part of speech / class noun, neuter How it differs from English the Sabbath, and the only day of the week that is neuter ο Ιανουάριος el o Ianouários January Part of speech / class noun, masculine How it differs from English the Roman month with a Greek ending, as all twelve are Ιούλιος el Ioúlios July Part of speech / class noun, masculine How it differs from English the Roman month, and easy to confuse in speech with June ο Αύγουστος el o Ávgoustos August Part of speech / class noun, masculine How it differs from English the month in which Greece stops working ο μήνας el o mínas month Part of speech / class noun, masculine How it differs from English related to the word for the moon, as English month is η εβδομάδα el i evdomáda week Part of speech / class noun, feminine How it differs from English literally the seventh, from the number seven ο χρόνος el o chrónos year; time Part of speech / class noun, masculine How it differs from English the chrono- of chronology; its plural is used for counting ye