4.5 The House and Everyday Things — Epoché
What you will be able to do Name the rooms of a house and the things in them. Read the instrument shape of 2.8 in three everyday words and say what each was made to do. Describe a thing as clean, dirty, full, empty or ready. Use the verbs of sleeping, washing and cleaning. Recognise three words that English borrowed from Arabic through the same trade that brought the things. Prerequisites : 4.4 and the city words These forty are the other half of a traveller's vocabulary and the half a reader meets in fiction. There is no new grammar at all; the whole of the interest is in how the words are built, and three patterns from the second volume do most of the work. The first is the instrument shape of 2.8, which gives the words for a mirror, a spoon and a key. The second is the doer shape of 2.4, which gives a window, a telephone and two adjectives. The third is the trade shape, which gives the word for a bathroom. A learner who has those three can take any of these words apart and see what it was named for, which is the best way to make a vocabulary list stay. Word list Forty words: the rooms, the furniture, the things on a table, the adjectives that describe them and the verbs done in them. Four words are repeated from earlier volumes because they belong in this room and because their shapes are the model for others in the list. Word (with harakat) Meaning Notes حَمَّام ar ḥammām bathroom; bath-house Root ح-م-م Pattern / form (I–X) faaal, trade shape Plural حَمَّامَات Part of speech noun, masculine How it differs from English the trade shape of 2.8 from a root meaning to heat, and the source of the English hammam أين الحمام؟ Where is the bathroom? أَيْنَ الْحَمَّام؟ Where is the bathroom? نَافِذَة ar nāfiḏa window Root ن-ف-ذ Pattern / form (I–X) faaila Plural نَوَافِذ Part of speech noun, feminine How it differs from English the doer shape of a verb meaning to penetrate, so a window is what lets light through افتح النافذة. Open the window. اِفْتَحْ النََّافِذَة. Open the window. سَرِير ar sarīr bed Root س-ر-ر Pattern / form (I–X) faiil Plural أَسِرَّة Part of speech noun, masculine How it differs from English from a root meaning to gladden, which is also behind the word for glad in 2.4 هذا سرير. This is a bed. هَذَا سَرِير. This is a bed. كُرْسِيّ ar kursiyy chair; seat, in politics Root ك-ر-س Pattern / form (I–X) fuliyy Plural كَرَاسِي Part of speech noun, masculine How it differs from English the same extension into politics as English seat أحب ذاك الكرسي. I love that chair. أُحِبّ ذَاكَ الْكُرْسِيّ. I love that chair. خِزَانَة ar ḵizāna cupboard, wardrobe; treasury Root خ-ز-ن Pattern / form (I–X) fiaala Plural خَزَائِن Part of speech noun, feminine How it differs from English from a root meaning to store, and the same word is the treasury of a state مِرْآة ar mirror Root ر-أ-ي Pattern / form (I–X) mifal, instrument Plural مَرَايَا Part of speech noun, feminine How it differs from English the instrument shape of 2.8 from the verb for seeing, so it is the thing one sees with نظف المرآة Clean the mirror. نَظِّفْ الْمِرْآة Clean the mirror. صَابُون ar ṣābūn soap Part of speech noun, masculine How it differs from English a borrowing that travelled with the trade, and the English word came from the same source ليس هناك أي صابون. There isn't any soap. لَيْسَ هُنَاكَ أَيّ صَابُون. There isn't any soap. قَمِيص ar qamīṣ shirt Root ق-م-ص Pattern / form (I–X) faiil Plural قُمْصَان Part of speech noun, masculine How it differs from English an old borrowing from Latin, the same word that gave English chemise القميص وسخ. The shirt is dirty. الْقَمِيص وَسِخ. The shirt is dirty. حِذَاء ar ḥaḏḏāʔ shoe Root ح-ذ-و Pattern / form (I–X) fiaal Plural أَحْذِيَة Part of speech noun, masculine How it differs from English one shoe; a pair is the dual of 3.14, which is where that lesson pays سِكِّين ar sikkīn knife Root س-ك-ن Pattern / form (I–X) fiiil Plural سَكَاكِين Part of speech noun, masculine How it differs from English from the root that gives the verb for dwelling, because a knife stills the animal ألق السكين. Drop the knife! أَلْقِ السِّكِّين. Drop the knife! مِلْعَقَة ar milʕaqa spoon Root ل-ع-ق Pattern / form (I–X) mifala, instrument Plural مَلَاعِق Part of speech noun, feminine How it differs from English the instrument shape again, from a verb meaning to lick أعطني الملعقة. Give me the spoon. أَعْطِنِي الْمِلْعَقَة. Give me the spoon. شَوْكَة ar šawka fork; thorn Root ش-و-ك Pattern / form (I–X) fala Plural شَوْك Part of speech noun, feminine How it differs from English the fork and the thorn are one word, and the thorn is the older sense صَحْن ar ṣaḥn plate, dish Root ص-ح-ن Pattern / form (I–X) fal Plural صُحُون Part of speech noun, masculine How it differs from English the same word is used of a satellite dish, which is the modern extension كُوب ar kūb cup, glass Root ك-و-ب Pattern / form (I–X) fuwl Plural أَكْوَاب Part of speech noun, masculine How it differs from English covers a cup and a drinking glass, which English separates by material الكوب مليء بالحليب. The glass is full of milk. الْكُوب مَلِيء بِالْحَلِيب. The glass is full of milk. نَار ar nār fire Root ن-و-ر Pattern / form (I–X) faal Plural نِيرَان Part of speech noun, feminine How it differs from English feminine with no marking, and the plural is the ordinary word for gunfire كَهْرَبَاء ar kahrabāʔ electricity Root ك-ه-ر-ب Part of speech noun, feminine How it differs from English from a four-consonant root meaning amber, exactly as the Greek behind the English word does هَاتِف ar hātif telephone Root ه-ت-ف Pattern / form (I–X) faail Plural هَوَاتِف Part of speech noun, masculine How it differs from English the doer shape of a verb meaning to call out, so the telephone is the caller الهاتف يشتغل. The phone is working. الْهَاتِف يَشْتَغِل. The phone is working. تِلْفَاز ar tilfāz television Part of speech noun, masculine How it differs from English a coined word rather than a transcription, though the transcription is also used وَرَقَة ar