The Logic of Hegel / 論理学（大論理学） — Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
W. F. Hegel and William Wallace. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org . If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title : The Logic of Hegel Author : Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Translator : William Wallace Release date : July 13, 2017 [eBook #55108] Most recently updated: October 23, 2024 Language : English Other information and formats : www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/55108 Credits : Produced by Marc D'Hooghe at Free Literature (online soon in an extended version, also linking to free sources for education worldwide ... MOOC's, educational materials,...) Images generously made available by the Hathi Trust. *** START OF A, LL.D. FELLOW OF MERTON COLLEGE AND WHYTE'S PROFESSOR OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD SECOND EDITION, REVISED AND AUGMENTED OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1892 NOTE The present volume contains a translation, which has been revised throughout and compared with the original, of the Logic as given in the first part of Hegel's Encyclopaedia, preceded by a bibliographical account of the three editions and extracts from the prefaces of that work, and followed by notes and illustrations of a philological rather than a philosophical character on the text. This introductory chapter and these notes were not included in the previous edition. The volume containing my Prolegomena is under revision and will be issued shortly. W. W. CONTENTS Bibliographical Notice on the Three Editions and Three Prefaces of the Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences THE SCIENCE OF LOGIC. CHAPTER I. Introduction 3 CHAPTER II. Preliminary Notion 30 CHAPTER III. First Attitude of Thought to Objectivity 60 CHAPTER IV. Second Attitude of Thought to Objectivity:— I. Empiricism 76 II. The Critical Philosophy 82 CHAPTER V. Third Attitude of Thought to Objectivity: — Immediate or Intuitive Knowledge 121 CHAPTER VI. Logic Further Defined and Divided 143 CHAPTER VII. First Subdivision of Logic :— The Doctrine of Being 156 CHAPTER VIII. Second Subdivision of Logic :— The Doctrine of Essence 207 CHAPTER IX. Third Subdivision of Logic :— The Doctrine of the Notion 287 NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. ON CHAPTER I 383 II 387 III 395 IV 398 V 406 VI 409 VII 410 VIII 417 IX 424 INDEX 433 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE ON THE THREE EDITIONS AND THREE PREFACES OF THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA The Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline is the third in time of the four works which Hegel published. It was preceded by the Phenomenology of Spirit, in 1807, and the Science of Logic (in two volumes), in 1812-16, and was followed by the Outlines of the Philosophy of Law in 1820. The only other works which came directly from his hand are a few essays, addresses, and reviews. The earliest of these appeared in the Critical Journal of Philosophy, issued by his friend Schelling and himself, in 1802—when Hegel was one and thirty, which, as Bacon thought, 'is a great deal of sand in the hour-glass'; and the latest were his contributions to the Jahrbücher für wissenschaftliche Kritik, in the year of his death (1831). This Encyclopaedia is the only complete, matured, and authentic statement of Hegel's philosophical system. But, as the title-page bears, it is only an outline; and its primary aim is to supply a manual for the guidance of his students. In its mode of exposition the free flight of speculation is subordinated to the needs of the professorial class-room. Pegasus is put in harness. Paragraphs concise in form and saturated with meaning postulate and presuppose the presiding spirit of the lecturer to fuse them into continuity and raise them to higher lucidity. Yet in two directions the works of Hegel furnish a supplement to the defects of the Encyclopaedia. One of these aids to comprehension is the Phenomenology of Spirit, published in his thirty-seventh year. It may be going too far to say with David Strauss that it is the Alpha and Omega of Hegel, and his later writings only extracts from it. [1] Yet here the Pegasus of mind soars free through untrodden fields of air, and tastes the joys of first love and the pride of fresh discovery in the quest for truth. The fire of young enthusiasm has not yet been forced to hide itself and smoulder away in apparent calm. The mood is Olympian—far above the turmoil and bitterness of lower earth, free from the bursts of temper which emerge later, when the thinker has to mingle in the fray and endure the shafts of controversy. But the Phenomenology, if not less than the Encyclopaedia it contains the diamond purity of Hegelianism, is a key which needs consummate patience and skill to use with advantage. If it commands a larger view, it demands a stronger wing of him who would join its voyage through the atmosphere of thought up to its purest empyrean. It may be the royal road to the Idea, but only a kingly soul can retrace its course. The other commentary on the Encyclopaedia is supplied partly by Hegel's other published writings, and partly by the volumes (IX-XV in the Collected works) in which his editors have given his Lectures on the Philosophy of History, on Aesthetic, on the Philosophy of Religion, and on the History of Philosophy. All of these lectures, as well as the Philosophy of Law, published by himself, deal however only with the third part of the philosophic system. That system (p. 28 ) includes (i) Logic, (ii) Philosophy of Nature, and (iii) Philosophy of Spirit. It is this third part—or rather it is the last two divisions therein (embracing the great general interests of humanity, such as law and morals, religion and art, as well as the development of philosophy itself) which form the topics of Hegel's most expanded teaching. It is in this region that he has most appealed to the liberal culture of the century, and influenced (directly or by reaction) the progress of that phil